Essay on Racial Profiling - 11241 Words

\\server05\productn\C\CPP\8-2\CPP204.txt unknown Seq: 1 5-JUN-09 8:30 Racial profiling and searches: Did the politics of racial profiling change police behavior?* Patricia Y. Warren Florida State University Donald Tomaskovic-Devey University Massachusetts, Amherst Research Summary Scholarly research has documented repeatedly that minority citizens are disproportionately stopped, searched, and arrested relative to their baseline populations. In recent years, policymakers have brought increased attention to this issue as law-enforcement agencies across the United States have faced allegations of racial profiling. In the 1990s, the politics generated by accounts of racially biased policing placed heightened†¦show more content†¦Direct correspondence to Patricia Y. Warren at 634 West Call Street, College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32301 (e-mail: pwarren@fsu.edu). CRIMINOLOGY Public Policy Volume 8 Issue 2 Copyright 2009 American Society of Criminology 343 \\server05\productn\C\CPP\8-2\CPP204.txt 344 unknown Seq: 2 5-JUN-09 8:30 Warren and Tomaskovic-Devey Policy Implications The results of this study suggest several important policy recommendations. First, law-enforcement agencies must monitor the policing practices of their officers because such supervision can influence officer compliance with fair and unbiased policing policies. Next, supervisors need to familiarize themselves with enforcement data to identify potential problem officers and organizational practices. By doing so, police organizations will not only increase officer accountability but also will potentially improve communication with their local communities. Such communication can empower community members to file charges against officers who violate their civil rights. Next, the media and political effects documented in this study suggest that external oversight can be particularly influential on police practices. Therefore, police agencies should consider developing a citizen complaint board, which is an external oversight board that would beShow MoreRelatedRacial Profiling1165 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction What is racial profiling? The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) defines racial profiling as â€Å"the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individual’s race, ethnicity, religion or national origin† (2005). Do not confuse racial profiling with criminal profiling; criminal profiling is usually practiced by police in which they use a group of characteristics that are associated with crime to target individualsRead MoreRacial Profiling1430 Words   |  6 Pagestwenty years the issue of racial profiling has become extremely combative with regards to law enforcement practices. A common misconception begins as some people are unaware of what racial profiling actually is. Racial profiling typically deals with incarceration, miss education, and to certain extent slavery. The topic of slavery is relevant in the conversation of racial profiling because like slavery, African Americans have suffered ju st due their own identity. Profiling is essentially the selectionRead MoreRacial Profiling And Criminal Profiling Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pages Racial Profiling Vs Criminal Profiling Camilo Paez Briarcliffe College Professor Keirnan 11/13/2016 â€Æ' Executive summary Racial Profiling is a big problem is society. Over time you become biased of certain groups which is good and bad. Criminal profiling helps keep the bad guys off the streets. This maybe be also linked with being racist according to the people stopped by police. As a police officer you never win because no one wants to go to jail. It is very hard to â€Æ' Racial ProfilingRead MoreRacial Profiling1056 Words   |  5 Pages There has always been racial profiling in our history. The problem here is that at some point the ones who are oppressed and discriminated sooner o later will claim why they are treated unequally. There are many examples around the world, but one only has to take a look at how the American society has been designed to realize the great difference between individuals. It was even normal and acceptable to see these differences during the creation of this nation because the ones who supposedly hadRead More Racial Profiling is Necessary1040 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand racial profiling, it must first be correctly defined. Although different authors use different criteria for the term racial profiling, Merriam-Webster’s definition for the word racial is â€Å"of, relating to, or based on a race (Merriam-Webster, 2006; p.855).† The definition the dictionary puts forth for profiling is â€Å"the act of suspecting or targeting a person solely on the basis of observed char acteristics or behavior (Merriam-Webster, 2006; p.830).† Based on these definitions, racial profilingRead MoreRacial Profiling Is A Problem969 Words   |  4 Pages Racial profiling has been an issue in society for as long as America had a criminal justice system. Racial profiling is a problem because it refers discriminatory practice bye-law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individual s race, ethnicity, religion or national origin. In 1868, the fourteenth amendment was ratified which states, No state. Shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, would have made racialRead MoreThe Good and Bad of Racial Profiling1250 Words   |  5 Pages It has been said that racial profiling has been used more than once as a way to detain suspects that arouse suspcion according to NAACP. Racial profiling is the suspicion of people based on race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, or other immutable charateristics rather than evidence based behavior. Eventhough statistics say otherwise racial profiling should not be used as a reasnoable right to detain an individual because it is unlawful, discrinmatory, and ineffective. Even though statisticsRead MoreRacial Profiling And Its Impact On Society1310 Words   |  6 Pageswhich is racial profiling. This issue, where authorities target certain individuals based on their racial characteristics, has never ceased. According to many influential claimsmakers, racial profiling has stained the United States by negatively affecting society and disturbing the certainty of justice. It is unconstitutional and leads to impactful consequences such as deaths, fear, and loss of trust in police officers, demoralization, and dehumanization of stigmatized groups of people. Racial profilingRead MoreRacial Profiling in Different Ways791 Words   |  3 PagesRacial Profiling has been used by law enforcement officials from early 60’s during the civil rights movement. The term â€Å"racial profiling† which was introduced to criticize abusive police practices against people of different race, ethnicity or national origin. One must assess how to understand the practice, and how to keep it distinct from other issues. Racial profiling is defined as â€Å"any police-initiated action that relies on the race, ethnicity, or national origin, rather than the behavior of anRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racial Profiling903 Words   |  4 Pagespolice. Racial profiling refers to the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individuals race, ethnicity, religion or national origin. This is similar to criminal or offender profiling, the analysis of a persons psychological and behavio ural characteristics, so as to assess whether they are likely to have committed a crime under investigation. Both seem to be similar, but make no mistake that racial profiling is illegal

African American And The Civil War - 876 Words

In 1865, when the civil war ended in America and slavery was abolished, the African American population in the South faced many challenges related to their new found freedom. Following the post-Civil War Reconstruction period, white supremacy resurfaced in the South (AE Television, 2015). Beginning in the early 1900s through 1970 there was a mass exodus of African American s from South to North America. Although some African American s were known to have moved from the South as early as 1850, there were two major waves during the 1900s (AE, 2015; Gates, Jr., 2013). Prior to 1900 and following the slavery abolishment, civil rights issue among African American in the South were significant (Tindall Shi, 2013). Segregation, violence, and even underground forms of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) remained a fear for African American s in the South. In 1892, Homer Plessy was arrested on an East Louisiana Railroad train and charged with violating Louisiana segregation laws in Plessy vs. Fergus on (CRF, 2015). Violence and lack of segregation control resulted in the legal establishment of the Jim Crow Laws which were recognized as separate but equal rights for African American s. Jim Crow was slang or a nickname for a black man during this time (CRF 2015). The 1902 Virginia Constitution, put provisions in place to prevent African Americans from qualifying as voters, these provisions includes screening tests and poll taxes (Crew, 2014). There were a number of conditionsShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans And The Civil War1076 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout history African Americans have had is bad in the United States. First they went through slavery which lasted about two hundred year and was ended around the Civil War which was in the 1860s-1870s. Next after they went through slavery they went through the law of Jim Crow that started after the Civil War which stated, â€Å"Separate but Equal†, and that was not the case because African Americans were still tre ated as second class citizens. After about ninety years around the 1960s Dr. MartinRead MoreAfrican Americans and the Civil War774 Words   |  4 PagesEssay African Americans and the Civil War Slavery affected many of the political reasons that contributed to causing the Civil War in 1961. Most in the Northern states including President Lincoln were more concerned with preserving the Union rather than fighting for the freedom of all. On the other hand the South fought to preserve what they believed to be absolute state rights. However the overall goals of the war were altered significantly by the willingness of African Americans during war. ThisRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil War1449 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the Civil War began, they wanted to take part in fighting to free all slaves. At the end of the civil war passed the civil rights act that gave citizenship to people that are born in the united states, years later African American men were given the right to vote. This might give equal rights but African Americans are still being discriminated. Almost century later, African Americans are still being discriminated. They got jobs and their kids go to school, but more notice that it wasn t rightRead MoreThe Civil War On African Americans Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe years preceding the Civil War were monstrous for African Americans located in the South of the country. Northerners and Southerners would argue that their visions of how society is structured is the right way and should be expanded throughout the nation. Southerners claimed that slavery is okay, and it’s a positive labor system. On the contrary, Northerners claim that laborers should be paid by wage, men should have equal opportunities, and slaves should gain freedom. The four most significantRead MoreThe Civil War Of African Americans1010 Words   |  5 Pagescentury. For an African American, the word â€Å"life† evolved from a word that meant absolutely nothing, to a word that stood for an individual’s highest commodity. After the c ivil war, emancipation for slaves transformed from a dream to a reality. Although the civil war finally ended in 1865 after four years of fighting, certain citizens and groups across the nation still remained in a state if disagreement with the freedom granted to African Americans. The years after the civil war revolutionizedRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil War1309 Words   |  6 PagesIn the summer of 1619, the first Africans were brought to Jamestown, Virginia not to live as free settlers but as subordinate slaves. They worked strenuously for Whites, who considered themselves superior to Africans, without much benefit. Racism is not just the belief that one race is superior to others, but the act of negatively identifying individuals based on the color of their skin. Attributing race to individual character has proven to have negative implications that are difficult to mend.Read MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil War1540 Words   |  7 Pageshistorical backdrop of the United States, African Americans have dependable been victimized. When Africans first came to America, they had no choice but to be slaves. The progressed toward becoming slaves to the rich, covetous, lethargic Americans. African Americans had given no compensation and regularly whipped and beaten. They battled for their opportunity, yet when the Civil War came African Americans had this logic that if they were to join the Civil War they could liberate all slaves. HoweverRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil War859 Words   |  4 Pagesslavery, predominately in the American South, African-Americans were finally set free from bondage. The fourteenth and fifteenth amendments quickly followed, granting citizenship to â€Å"all persons born or naturalized in the United States† and granting African American men the right to vote, respectively. Naturally, Americans denoted these momentous legislative feats, collectively packaged as the Reconstruction Amendments, as a means o f celebration for African-Americans. However, in order to rectifyRead MoreAfrican Americans in the Civil War1971 Words   |  8 PagesAnderson HIST 3060 February 25, 13 African Americans and the Civil War The role African Americans played in the outcome, and the road to the outcome of the Civil War was immense. The fact that the south had slaves and the north did not played an enormous role in the issues. The north wanted to abolish slavery, and the south did not and after the war started this became one of the main reasons for the Civil War. Since most African Americans could not read or write, this made them an easyRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil War971 Words   |  4 PagesAfter the civil war African Americans hoped that the world they lived in would be an equal one; little did they know they had more struggles to conquer. Three major amendments were passed to provide African Americans with equality; the 13th amendment officially and finally put an end to slavery and any future involuntary servitude, the 14th amendment states that colored men and women were given citizenship, and the 15th amendment gave black men the right to vote. Although these amendments were passed

Curiosity Killed the Cat free essay sample

The original form of the proverb, now little used, was Care killed the cat. In this instance, care was defined as worry or sorrow. An easier definiton of the phrase curiosity killed the cat would be that being curious can sometimes lead to trouble. |Well everyone knows that cats are very curious creatures and poke their nose everywhere which can cause trouble. | | |The saying or phrase was first attested in the USA in 1909. It is one of the fairly new sayings and it first appearance in writing was in a | |1921-1922 play by Euene ONeill. A variation is Curiosity killed the cat: satisfaction brought him back. | | | |Elsewhere , it is stated that the phrase curiosity killed the cat is actually a spin-off of an old saying that really had nothing at all | |to do with the cats natural sleuthing abilities! In the 16th century, there was a saying, care kills a cat. | | | |This statement meant that cats seemed to be very cautious, careful and worrisome creatures, and too much anxiety can be bad for ones | |health, even to the point of sending one to an early grave. A cat, then, could be killed by excessive care as indeed could a human. Over | |the years, the meaning of the word care changed, and the word curiosity was substituted in the phrase, intending to explain that this | |was a trait that got both people and cats into trouble sometimes! 1 Origin The earliest printed reference to the original proverb is attributed to the British playwright Ben Jonson in his 1598 play, Every Man in His Humour, which was performed first by William Shakespeare. Helter skelter, hang sorrow, care will kill a cat, up-tails all, and a pox on the hangman. Shakespeare used a similar quote in his circa 1599 play, Much Ado About Nothing: |â€Å" |What, courage man! what though care killed a cat, thou hast mettle enough in thee to kill care. |† | The proverb r emained the same until at least 1898. Ebenezer Cobham Brewer included this definition in his Dictionary of Phrase and Fable: |â€Å" |Care killed the Cat. |† | | |It is said that a cat has nine lives, yet care would wear them all out. | | 2 Transformation The origin of the modern variation is unknown. The earliest known printed reference to the actual phrase Curiosity killed the cat is in James Allan Mairs 1873 compendium A handbook of proverbs: English, Scottish, Irish, American, Shakesperean, and scriptural; and family mottoes, where it is listed as an Irish proverb on page 34. In the 1902 edition of Proverbs: Maxims and Phrases, by John Hendricks Bechtel, the phrase Curiosity killed the cat is the lone entry under the topic Curiosity on page 100. O. Henrys 1909 short story Schools and Schools includes a mention that suggests knowledge of the proverb had become widespread by that time: |â€Å" |Curiosity can do more things than kill a cat; and if emotions, well recognized as feminine, are inimical to feline life, then |† | | |jealousy would soon leave the whole world catless. | | The actual phrase appeared as the headline to a story in The Washington Post on 4 March 1916 (page 6): â€Å" |CURIOSITY KILLED THE CAT. |† | | | | | | |Four Departments of New York City Government Summoned to Rescue Feline. | | | | | | | |From the New York World. | | | | | | | |Curiosity, as you may recall— | | | | | | | |On the fifth floor of the apartment house at 203 West 130th street lives Miss Mable Godfrey. When she came to the house about seven | | | |months ago she brought Blackie, a cat of several years experience of life. | | | | | | | |The cat seldom left the apartment. He was a hearth cat, not a fence cat, and did not dearly love to sing. In other respects he was | | | |normal and hence curious. | | | | | | |Last Tuesday afternoon when Miss Godfrey was out Blackie skipped into the grate fireplace in a rear room. He had done this many times | | | |before. But he had not climbed up the flue to the chimney. This he did Tuesday. Blackie there remained, perched on the top of the | | | |screen separating the apartment flue from the main chimney, crying for assistance. Miss Godfrey, returning, tried to induce her pet to | | | |come down. If you are experienced in felinity, you know that Blackie didnt come down. | | | | | | | |On Wednesday the cat, curiosity unsatisfied, tried to climb higher—and fell to the first floor. His cries could still be heard by Miss | | | |Godfrey; who, to effect Blackies rescue, communicated with the following departments: | | | |1. Police department. | | | |2. Fire department. | | | |3. Health department. | | | |4. Building department. | | | |5. Washington Heights court. | | | | | | | |Among them they lowered a rope to Blackie. But it availed neither the cat nor them anything. | | | |Thursday morning, just before noon, a plumber opened the rear wall back of the chimney. Blackie was taken out. His fall had injured his| | | |back. Ten minutes later Blackie died. | | Despite these earlier appearances, the proverb has been wrongly attributed to Eugene ONeill, who included the variation, Curiosity killed a cat! in his play Diffrent from 1920: â€Å" |BENNY—(with a wink) Curiosity killed a cat! Ask me no questions and Ill tell you no lies. |† | The author Stephen King has used an extended variation of this idiom in several of his novellas: Curiosity killed the cat, satisfaction brought him back. Curiosity killed the cat more like this other phrases about: Animals 1 Meaning Inquisitiveness can lead one into dangerous situations. 2 Origin Everyone knows that, despite its supposed nine lives, curiosity killed the cat. Well, not quite. The killed the cat proverb originated as care killed the cat. By care the coiner of the expression meant worry/sorrow rather than our more usual contemporary look after/provide for meaning. That form of the expression is first recorded in the English playwright Ben Jonsons play Every Man in His Humour, 1598: Helter skelter, hang sorrow, carell kill a Cat, up-tails all, and a Louse for the Hangman. The play was one of the Tudor humours comedies, in which each major character is assigned a particular humour or trait. The play is thought to have been performed in 1598 by The Lord Chamberlains Men, a troupe of actors including William Shakespeare and William Kempe. Shakespeare was no slouch when it came to appropriating a memorable line and it crops up the following year in Much Ado About Nothing: What, courage man! what though care killed a cat, thou hast mettle enough in thee to kill care. The proverbial expression curiosity killed the cat, which is usually used when attempting to stop someone asking unwanted questions, is much more recent. The earlier form was still in use in 1898, when it was defined in Brewers Dictionary of Phrase and Fable: Care killed the Cat. It is said that a cat has nine lives, but care would wear them all out. Curiosity hasnt received a good press over the centuries. Saint Augustine wrote in Confessions, AD 397, that, in the eons before creating heaven and earth, God fashioned hell for the inquisitive. John Clarke, in Paroemiologia, 1639 suggested that He that pryeth into every cloud may be struck with a thunderbolt. In Don Juan, Lord Byron called curiosity that low vice. That bad opinion, and the fact that cats are notoriously inquisitive, lead to the source of their demise being changed from care to curiosity. The earliest version that I have found of the precise current form of the proverb in print is from The Galveston Daily News, 1898: It is said that once curiosity killed a Thomas cat. [Thomas cat is a jokey form of tom cat, i. e. a male cat. ] The frequent rejoinder to curiosity killed the cat is satisfaction brought it back. Ive not been able to trace the source of this odd reply. The first citation of it that Ive found in print is from an Iowan college magazine.

Java Technologies Essay Sample free essay sample

Q. 1: a ) What is Object Oriented Paradigm? Explain advantages of Object Oriented Programming. 5 MarkssAns Object Oriented paradigm: The Object Oriented paradigm is centered on the construct of the object. Everything is focused on objects. In this linguistic communication. plan consists of two things: foremost. a set of objects and back the manner they interact with each other. Calculation in this paradigm is viewed as the simulation of existent universe entities. The popular scheduling linguistic communications in this paradigm are C++ . Simula. Smalltalk and Java Object Oriented scheduling: The universe is Object Oriented. and Object Oriented scheduling expresses plans in the ways that model how people perceive the universe. Figure 2 shows different existent universe objects around us which we frequently use for executing different maps. This shows that job work outing utilizing the objects oriented attack is really near to our existent life job work outing techniques. The basic difference in Object Oriented scheduling ( OOP ) is that the plan is organized around the informations being operated upon instead than the operations performed. We will write a custom essay sample on Java Technologies Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The basic thought behind OOP is to unite both. informations and its maps that operate on the information into a individual unit called object. Object Oriented methods are favored because many experts agree that Object Oriented techniques are more disciplined than conventional structured techniques. ( Martin and Odell 1992 ) B ) What is polymorphism? Explain the advantages of polymorphismwith an illustration. Solution: Polymorphism is the capableness of a method to make different things based on the object through which it is invoked or object it is moving upon. For illustration method find _area will work decidedly for Circle object and Triangle object In Java. the type of existent object ever determines method calls ; object mention type doesn’t play any function in it. You have already used two types of polymorphism ( overloading and overruling ) in the old unit and in the current unit of this block. Now we will look at the 3rd: dynamic method binding. Java uses Dynamic Method Dispatch mechanism to make up ones mind at tally clip which overridden map will be invoked. Dynamic Method Dispatch mechanism is of import because it is used to implement runtime polymorphism in Java. Java uses the rule: â€Å"a ace category object can mention to a subclass object† to decide calls to overrule metho ds at tally clip. If a superclass has method that is overridden by its subclasses. so the different versions of the overridden methods are invoked or executed with the aid of a superclass mention variable. Assume that three subclasses ( Cricket_Player Hockey_Player and Football_Player ) that derive from Player abstract category are defined with each subclass holding its ain Play ( ) method. abstract category Player // category is abstract {private String name ;public Player ( String nm ){name=nm ;}public String getName ( ) // regular method{return ( name ) ;}public abstract nothingness Play ( ) ;// abstract method: no execution}category Cricket_Player extends Player{Cricket_Player ( String volt-ampere ){}public nothingness Play ( ){System. out. println ( â€Å"Play Cricket: †+getName ( ) ) ;}}category Hockey_Player extends Player{Hockey_Player ( String volt-ampere ){}public nothingness Play ( ){System. out. println ( â€Å"Play Field hockey: †+getName ( ) ) ;}}category Football_Player extends Player{Football_Player ( String volt-ampere ){}public nothingness Play ( ){System. out. println ( â€Å"Play Football: †+getName ( ) ) ;}}public category PolyDemo{public inactive nothingness chief ( Stringing [ ] args ){Player ref ; // put up volt-ampere for an PlayerlCricket_Player aCplayer = new Cricket_Player ( â€Å"Sachin† ) ; // makes specific objects Hockey_Player aHplayer = new Hockey_Player ( â€Å"Dhanaraj† ) ;Football_Player aFplayer = new Football_Player ( â€Å"Bhutia† ) ;// now cite each as an Animalref = aCplayer ;ref. Play ( ) ;ref = aHplayer ;ref. Play ( ) ;ref = aFplayer ;ref. Play ( ) ;}}End product: Play Cricket: SachinPlay Hockey: DhanarajPlay Football: BhutiaQuestion 2: a ) What is platform independency? Explain why Java is unafraid andplatform independent. ( 3 Marks )B ) Write a plan in Java to bring forth Fibonnaci Series. ( 3 Marks ) c ) Explain the advantage of of Unicode. ( 2 Marks )vitamin D ) Explain the significance of PATH and CLASS PATH. ( 2 Marks ) Solution ( a ) : PlatformIndependent Java is Platform independent. The significance of platform here may be confounding for you but really this word is ill defined. In the computing machine industry it typically means some combination of hardware and system package but here you can understand it as your operating system. Java is compiled to an intermediate signifier called Java byte-code or merely byte codification. A Java plan neer truly executes instantly after digest on the host machine. Rather. this particular plan called the Java translator or Java VirtualMachine reads the byte codification. translates it into the corresponding host machine instructions and so executes the machine direction. A Java programcan tally on any computing machine systemfor which a JVM ( Java Virtual Machine ) and some library modus operandis have been installed. The 2nd of import portion which makes Java portable is the riddance of hardware architecture dependent concepts. For illustration. Integers are ever four bytes long and floating-point variables followthe IEEE 754. You don’t necessitate to worry that the reading of your whole number is traveling to alter if you move from one hardware to another hardware like Pentiumto a PowerPC. We can develop the Java plan on any computing machine system and the executing of that plan is possible on any other computing machine system loaded with JVM. For illustration. we can compose and roll up the Java plan on Windows 98 and put to death the compiled plan on JVM of the Macintosh operating system. Solution ( B ) : SolutionInput – 8Output – 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 */category Fibonacci {public inactive nothingness chief ( Stringing a rgs [ ] ) {int num = Integer. parseInt ( args [ 0 ] ) ; //taking no. as bid line statement.System. out. println ( â€Å"*****Fibonacci Series*****† ) ;int f1. f2=0. f3=1 ;for ( int i=1 ; i lt ; =num ; i++ ) {System. out. print ( † â€Å"+f3+† â€Å" ) ;f1 = f2 ;f2 = f3 ;f3 = f1 + f2 ;}}Solution ( degree Celsius ) : Unicode is a 16-bit codification holding a big scope in comparing to old ASCII codification. which is merely 7 spots or 8 spots in size. Unicode can stand for all the characters of all human linguistic communications. Since Java is developed for planing Internet applications. and world-wide people can compose plans in Java. transmutation of one linguistic communication to another is simple and efficient. Use of Unicode besides supports platformindependence in Java. Solution ( vitamin D ) : Way variableIn JDK the PATH variable contains directories where binary files ( e. g. EXE files in Windows ) will be looked for. We set the PATH variables like this i. e path C: Javajdk1. 6. 0_03in ( I ) on bid prompt Degree centigrades: gt ; set path= % way ; C: Javajdk1. 6. 0_03in %When you open a bid prompt and type â€Å"javac† . you’re supposed to hold the â€Å"bin† directory of your sdk into the PATH. otherwise you’ll acquire an ill-famed â€Å"Command non found† mistake message CLASSPATH In JDK the CLASSPATH contains directories ( or JAR files ) . from where your Java compiler/runtime will look for. category files ( and some others ) . For illustration. â€Å"java Hello. class† will non work unless you set the directory ( or JAR file ) Hello. category is in. into your CLASSPATH. i. e. classpath C: Javajdk1. 6. 0_03lib For puting CLASSPATH utilizing bid promptJava category way can be set utilizing either the -classpath option when naming an SDK tool ( the preferred method ) or by puting the CLASSPATH environment variable. The -classpath option is preferred because you can put it separately for each application without impacting other applications and without other applications modifying its value. ( two ) on bid prompt Degree centigrades: gt ; set classpath= % classpath ; C: Javajdk1. 6. 0_03lib %Question 3: a ) What is an exclusion? Create an exclusion subclass named MyException to manage user generate exclusions in Java. ( 5 Marks ) B ) What is abstract category? What are advantages of utilizing abstract category? Write a plan in Java to explicate abstract category and multilevel heritage. ( 5 Marks )Solution ( a ) : Java utilizations exclusions as a manner of signaling serious jobs when you execute a plan. The criterion categories use them extensively. Since they arise in your Java plans when things go incorrect. and if something can travel incorrect in your codification. Oklahoman or later it will. they are a really basic consideration when you are planing and composing your plans. An exclusion normally signals an mistake and is so called because mistakes in your Java plans are bound to be the exclusion instead than the rule—by definition! An exclusion doesn’t ever indicate an mistake though—it can besides signal some peculiarly unusual event in your plan that deserves particular attending. An exclusion in Java is an object that’s created when an unnatural state of affairs arises in your plan. This exclusion object has Fieldss that shop information about the nature of the job. The exclusion is said to be thrown—that is. the object placing the exceeding circumstance is tossed as an statement to a specific piece of plan codification that has been written specifically to cover with that sort of job. The codification having the exclusion object as a parametric quantity is said to catch it. An illustration of how to specify an exclusion category: public category DreadfulProblemException extends Exception{// Builderspublic DreadfulProblemException ( ) { } // Default builderpublic DreadfulProblemException ( String s ){super ( s ) ; // Name the base category builder}}Solution ( B ) : An abstract category is a category in which one or more methods are declared. but non defined. The organic structures of these methods are omitted. because. as in the instance of the method sound ( ) in the Animal category. implementing the methods does non do sense. Since they have no definition and can non be executed. they are called abstract methods. The declaration for an abstract method ends with a semicolon and you specify the method with the keyword abstract to place it as such. To declare that a category is abstract you merely utilize the keyword abstract in forepart of the category keyword in the first line of the category definition. A plan in Java to explicate abstract category and multilevel heritage abstract category Player // category is abstract{private String name ;public Player ( String nm ){name=nm ;}public String getName ( ) // regular method{return ( name ) ;}public abstract nothingness Play ( ) ;// abstract method: no execution}category Cricket_Player extends Player{Cricket_Player ( String volt-ampere ){ }public nothingness Play ( ){System. out. println ( â€Å"Play Cricket: †+getName ( ) ) ;}}category Hockey_Player extends Player{Hockey_Player ( String volt-ampere ){}public nothingness Play ( ){System. out. println ( â€Å"Play Field hockey: †+getName ( ) ) ;}}category Football_Player extends Player{Football_Player ( String volt-ampere ){}public nothingness Play ( ){System. out. println ( â€Å"Play Football: †+getName ( ) ) ;}}public category PolyDemo{public inactive nothingness chief ( Stringing [ ] args ){Player ref ; // put up volt-ampere for an PlayerlCricket_Player aCplayer = new Cricket_Player ( â€Å"Sachin† ) ; // makes specific objects Hockey_Player aHplayer = new Hockey_Player ( â€Å"Dhanaraj† ) ;Football_Player aFplayer = new Football_Player ( â€Å"Bhutia† ) ;// now cite each as an Animalref = aCplayer ;ref. Play ( ) ;ref = aHplayer ;ref. Play ( ) ;ref = aFplayer ;ref. Play ( ) ;}}End product:Play Cricket: SachinPlay Hockey: DhanarajPlay Football: BhutiaQuestion 4: Distinguish the followers and support with illustration: ( 10 Marks ) Final and inactive memberInheritance and CollectionAbstract category and InterfaceStringing and String BufferSolution: ( I ) Final and staticmemberSolution1. Inactive variables ( besides called category variables ) merely exist in the category they are defined in. They are non instantiated when an case of the category is created. In other words. the values of these variables are non a portion of the province of any object. When the category is loaded. inactive variables are initialized to their default values if no expressed low-level formatting look is specified Final variable: values of concluding variables can non be changed. 2. Inactive methods are besides known as category methods. A inactive method in a category can straight entree other inactive members in the category. It can non entree case ( i. e. . non-static ) members of the category. as there is no impression of an object associated with a inactive method. However. note that a inactive method in a category can ever utilize a mention of the class’s type to entree its members. regardless of whether these members are inactive or non. 3. Concluding methods: can non be overriden.FinalMemberinactive concluding variables are non the same with concluding ( non-static ) variables! Final ( non-static ) variables can differ from object to object! ! ! But that’s merely if the low-level formatting is made within the builder! ( If it is non initialized from the builder so it is merely a waste of memory as it creates concluding variables for every object that is created that can non be altered. ) ( two ) Inheritance and Collection There are two schools of idea on how to outdo extend. enhance. and recycle codification in an objectoriented system:1. Inheritance: widen the functionality of a category by making a subclass. Override superclass members in the subclasses to supply new functionality. Make methods abstract/virtual to coerce subclasses to â€Å"fill-in-the-blanks† when the superclass wants a peculiar interface but is agnostic about its execution. 2. Collection: make new functionality by taking other categories and uniting them into a new category. Attach an common interface to this new category for interoperability with other codification.It’s non a affair of which is the best. but of when to utilize what. ( three ) Abstract category and InterfaceAn interface is an empty shell. there are merely the signatures ( name / params / return type ) of the methods. The methods do non incorporate anything. The interface can’t do anything. It’s merely a form Implementing an interface consume really small CPU. because it’s non a category. merely a clump of names. and therefor there is no expensive search to make. It’s great when it matters such as in embedded devices. Abstract categoriesAbstract categories. unlike interfaces. are categories. There are more expensive to utilize because there is a search to make when you inherit fromthem.Abstract categories look a batch like interfaces. but they have something more: you can specify a behaviour for them. It’s more about a cat stating â€Å"these categories should look like that. and they got that in common. so fill in the spaces! † . ( four ) String and String BufferA String is changeless. i. e. when it’s created. it can neer alter. A StringBuffer ( or its non-synchronized cousin StringBuilder ) is used when you need to build a twine piece by piece without the public presentation operating expense of building tonss of small Strings along the manner. Question 5: a ) What are the categories in Java available for file handling? Write a plan in Java to add on content at the terminal of analready bing file. ( 5 Marks )B ) Explain the difference between checked and unbridledexclusions with illustration.Solution a ) Solution:Java input and end product is based on the usage of watercourses. or sequences of bytes that travel from a beginning to a finish over a communicating way. If a plan is composing to a watercourse. you can see it as stream’ s beginning. If it is reading froma watercourse. it is the stream’ s finish. The communicating way is dependent on the type of I/O being performed. It can dwell of memory-to-memory transportations. a file system. a web. and other signifiers of I/O. File managing in Java is available through watercourses and watercourse categories The Java theoretical account for I/O is wholly based on watercourses. There are two types of watercourses: byte watercourses and character watercourses.†¢ Byt vitamin E str eams carry whole numbers with values that range from 0 to 255. A diversified information can be expressed in byte format. including numerical informations. feasible plans. and byte codifications – the category file that runs a Java plan. †¢ Char acter Str eams are specialised type of byte watercourses that can manage merely textual informations. Most of the functionality available for byte watercourse is besides provided for character watercourses. The methods for character watercourses by and large accept parametric quantities of informations type char. while byte watercourses work with byte informations types. The names of the methods in both sets of categories are about indistinguishable except for the postfix. that is. character-stream categories end with the suffix Reader or Writer and byte-s tream categories end with the postfix InputStream and OutputStream. For illustration. to read files utilizing character watercourses use the Java. Io. FileReader category. and for reading it utilizing byte watercourses use Java. Io. FileInputStream A Programto Copy an already bing File to new Fileimport Java. Io. * ;public category jCOPY {public inactive nothingness chief ( Stringing args [ ] ) {seek {jCOPY J = new jCOPY ( ) ;j. CopyFile ( new File ( args [ 0 ] ) . new File ( args [ 1 ] ) ) ;}gimmick ( Exception e ) {e. printStackTrace ( ) ;}}public nothingness CopyFile ( File in. File out ) throwsException { FileInputStream fis = newFileInputStream ( in ) ; FileOutputStream fos = newFileOutputStream ( out ) ;byte [ ] buf = new byte [ 1024 ] ;int I = 0 ;while ( ( i=fis. read ( buf ) ) ! =-1 ) { field-grade officer. write ( buf. 0. I ) ;}fis. near ( ) ;field-grade officer. near ( ) ;}}two ) Solution:As stated by their name. unbridled exclusions are non checked at compile-time which means that the compiler doesn’t require methods to catch or to stipulate ( with a throws ) them. Classs belonging to this class are detailed in the subdivision 11. 2 Compile-Time Checking of Exceptions of the JLS: The unbridled exclusions categories are the category RuntimeException and its subclasses. and the category Error and its subclasses. All other exclusion categories are checked exclusion categories. The Java API defines a figure of exclusion categories. both checkered and unbridled. Extra exclusion categories. both checkered and unbridled. may be declared by coders. See  §11. 5 for a description of the exclusion category hierarchy and some of the exceptionclasses defined by the Java API and Java practical machine Question 6: a ) What is multithreading? Explain the two ways of making togss in Java plans. Besides explain difference betweennotify ( ) and notify All ( ) methods. ( 5 Marks )B ) What is demand of Layout Manager? Explain different layouts available in Java. ( 5 Marks )Solution a ) :Multithreaded plans support more than one coincident yarn of executing. This means they are able to at the same time put to death multiple sequences of instructions. Each direction sequence has its ain alone flow of control that is independent of all others. These independently executed direction sequences are known as togss. Your Personal computer has merely a individual CPU ; you mi ght inquire how it can put to death more than one yarn at the same clip? In individual processor systems. merely a individual yarn of executing occurs at a given blink of an eye. But multiple togss in a programincrease the use of CPU. The CPU rapidly switches back and Forth between several togss to make an semblance that the togss are put to deathing at the same clip. You know that single-processor systems support logical concurrence merely. Physical concurrence is non supported by it. Logical concurrence is the characteristic exhibited when multiple togss execute with separate. independent flow of control. On the other manus on a multiprocessor system. several togss can put to death at the same clip. and physical concurrence is achieved. Making Threads in JavaThe multithreading system in Java is built upon the Thr ead Class. its methods and its comrade interface. Runnable. To make a new yarn. your plan will either widen Thread Class or implement the Runnable interface. The Thread Class defines several methods that help in pull offing togss. For illustration. if you have to make your ain yarn so you have to make one of the following 1 ) classMyThread extends Thread{MyThread ( statements ) // builder{} //initializationpublic nothingness tally ( ){// performoperations}}Write the undermentioned codification to make a yarn and get down it running: MyThread P = newMyThread ( statements ) ;p. start ( ) ;2 )classMyThread implements Runnable{MyThread ( statements ){//initialization}public nothingness tally ( ){// performoperation}} notify ( ) : this method should be called merely when the current yarn has already acquired the lock on the object. If the delay set of the object is non-empty so a yarn from the set is randomly chosen. removed and is re-enabled for thread programming. Of class. the yarn will non be able to continue unless the current yarn releases the object’s lock. notifyAll ( ) : it’s same as the notify ( ) method. The lone difference is that in this instance all the togss from the non-empty delay set of the object areremoved and are re-enabled for thread programming in position of merely one yarn from the delay set being picked randomly. removed. and re-enabled for thread programming as is the instance in notify ( ) method. B ) A LayoutManager rearranges the constituents in the container based on their size relation to the size of the container.See the window that merely popped up. It has got five buttons of changing sizes. Resize the window and watch how the buttons move. In peculiar attempt doing it merely broad plenty so that all the buttons fit on one line. Then seek doing it narrow and tall so that there is merely one button on line. See if you can pull off to cover up some of the buttons. Then uncover them. Note that whatever you try to make. the order of the buttons is maintained in a logical manner. When you add a constituent to an applet or a container. the container uses its layout director to make up ones mind where to set the constituent. Different LayoutManager classes use different regulations to put constituents. Java. awt. LayoutManager is an interface. Five categories in the Java packages implement it: †¢ FlowLayout †¢ BorderLayout †¢ CardLayout †¢GridLayout†¢ GridBagLayout†¢plus javax. swing. BoxL ayoutQuestion 7: a ) What is an Applet? Write an applet that prints â€Å"Lear Java it is useful† at the current pointer place whenever the mouse left button is clicked. ( 5 Marks )B ) See a category that shops a Bank history holder’s name. history figure. ATM card figure. history balance andATM PIN. Write a plan to hive away the informations onto a disc file. except for the history balance and ATM PIN. Use serialisation and transient variables. ( 5 Marks ) Solution a ) :Applet is a Java plan that runs in the Appletviewer ( a trial public-service corporation for Applets that is included with the J2SDK ) or a World Wide Web browser such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Communicator. The Applet category is packed in the Java. Applet bundle which has several interfaces. These interfaces enable the creative activity of Applets. interaction of Applets with the browser. and playing audio cartridge holders in Applets. In Java 2. category Javax. swing. JApplet is used to specify an Applet that uses the Swing GUI constituents. // An Applet plan holding two text boxes and one button. Read your name in one text box // and when button is pressed so your name is transferred into text box two import Java. awt. * ;import Java. applet. * ;import Java. awt. event. * ;public category Q6a extends Applet implements ActionListener {TextField text1. end product ;Label label1. label2 ;Button button ;public nothingness init ( ) {setLayout ( void ) ;label1 = new Label ( â€Å"Enter Name: â€Å" ) ;label1. setBounds ( 20. 20. 100. 20 ) ;attention deficit disorder ( label1 ) ;text1 = newTextField ( 5 ) ;text1. setBounds ( 150. 20. 100. 20 ) ;attention deficit disorder ( text1 ) ;label2label2 = new Label ( â€Å"You Entered: â€Å" ) ;label2. setBounds ( 20. 80. 130. 20 ) ;attention deficit disorder ( label2 ) ;end product = new TextField ( 5 ) ;end product. setBounds ( 150. 80. 100. 20 ) ;attention deficit disorder ( end product ) ;button = new Button ( â€Å"Submit† ) ;button. setBounds ( 150. 110. 100. 20 ) ;at tention deficit disorder ( button ) ;button. addActionListener ( this ) ;}public nothingness actionPerformed ( ActionEvent ae ) {Stringing src=text1. getText ( ) ;end product. setText ( src ) ;} lt ; HTML gt ; lt ; BODY gt ; lt ; APPLET ALIGN=†CENTER† CODE=†Q6a. class† width = â€Å"700† height = â€Å"400† gt ; lt ; /APPLET gt ; lt ; /BODY gt ; lt ; /HTML gt ;Question 8: a ) Write a Java plan to put up JDBC and put to death the undermentioned SQL statement on a database table employee-t with the Fieldss emp-id. emp name. emp-department. empbasicâ€Å"SELECT * FROM employee-t where emp-basic lt ; 10000. ( 7 Marks ) B ) What is Java Bean? What are its advantages? ( 3 Marks )Solution:Java Database Connectivity ( JDBC ) is a category library which provides a standard manner for set uping and keeping a Java program’ s connexion to a database.Java provides JDBC to link to databases and work with it. Using standard library modus opera ndis. you can open a connexion to the database. Basically JDBC allows the integrating of SQL calls into a general scheduling environment by supplying library modus operandis. which interface with the database. In peculiar. Java’ s JDBC has a rich aggregation of modus operandis which makes such an interface highly simple and intuitive. Class. forName ( â€Å"sun. jdbc. odbc. JdbcOdbcDriver† )Connection con = DriverManager. getConnection ( url. username. watchword ) ; Statement stmt = con. createStatement ( ) ;ResultSet R = stmt. executeQuery ( â€Å"SELECT * FROM employee-t where emp-basic lt ; 10000† ) ; while ( R. following ( ) ){ename = R. getString ( â€Å"emp_name† ) ;eaddress = R. getString ( â€Å"emp_address† ) ;esal = R. getFloat ( â€Å"emp_salary† ) ;System. out. println ( ename + † reference is† + eaddress + † draws salary † + esal + â€Å"in dollars† ) ; } B ) A JavaBean on its ain is non awfully interesting. it’s merely a Java category that conforms to some criterions that you listed above. However. conformity with this criterion is one of the pillars on which the Java EE model is built and it comes up in rather a few topographic points. I suspect that when you hear about all of the great things that JavaBeans can make. what’s being referred to in Enterprise JavaBeans ( EJBs ) .